The Lewis s The Four Loves Essay - 1605 Words

Many cruel actions in the world have been carried out in the name of love. Because of that, it s clear to see how not all forms of love are pure. The nature of love is a prominent theme in Till We Have Faces. All of the relationships in this book are unique -- there are no two alike. In every relationship, there is a love factor. Unfortunately, in English, there are no words to distinguish different types of the love being felt. A person can love creatures, reading, and family members, but those are all entirely separate interpretations of the word â€Å"love.† In the book, The Four Loves, Lewis dissects the different forms of love. There are many connections to be made between characters throughout Till We Have Faces and the four different types of love: Storge, Philia, Eros, and Agape. Each of the four loves plays a part in the plot of the story. The first of these loves is storge. Storge, Greek for affection, is the love in which physical features do not have importance. An example would be a love for a family member or close friend (Four Loves 31-32). In Till We Have Faces, Orual -- the narrator and heroine of the novel -- receives love from her younger sister, Psyche. The Fox, a Greek slave and father figure, also loves Orual even though she â€Å"frightens† people with her face (26). The Fox, Orual, and Psyche have a special bond. Psyche and Orual look at the Fox as a father figure because he acts as a â€Å"true grandfather† towards them (21). Storge is found between the threeShow MoreRelatedThe Lewis s The Four Loves Essay1583 Words   |  7 Pagesof love. Because of that, it s clear to see how not all forms of love are pure. The nature of love is a prominent theme in Till We Have Faces. All of the relationships in this book are unique -- there are no two alike. In every relationship, there is a love fac tor. Unfortunately, in English, there are no words to distinguish different types of the love being felt. A person can love creatures, reading, and family members, but those are all entirely separate interpretations of the word â€Å"love.† InRead MoreEssay about The Screwtape Letters - Types of Love1321 Words   |  6 PagesUniversity, C.S. Lewis went from being an atheist to a renowned Christian. Lewis touched a vast audience with his numerous books (around thirty or more) including The Screwtape Letters, Mere Christianity, and The Four Loves. He brought fantasy and entertainment into his writing along with slight to thunderous bits of theology woven through his stories and books. This made Lewis one of the most influential Christian writers of the 20th century. One of the better known books from C.S. Lewis is The ScrewtapeRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Tales Of The English Children 1335 Words   |  6 PagesC.S. Lewis survives in the lives of many and continues to live on through his brilliant and artful use of language in his books. An adventurer at heart Lewis loved to create tales to entertain and inspire others. Adam Gopnik expresses, â€Å"The tales of the English children who cross over, through a wardrobe, into a land where animals speak and lions rule, which Lewis began in the late nineteen-forties, are classics in the only sense that matters—books that are read a full generation after their authorRead MoreWe Have No Right For Happiness1167 Words   |  5 PagesNo Right To Happiness In C.S Lewis essay, â€Å" We Have No Right To Happiness, he argues that we the people within the world don’t have the right to happiness. In my right being who can accuse such a thing. Everyone has the right to be happy in my opinion. Perhaps look for instance even our Declaration of Independence says â€Å" We have the right to pursue happiness.† I find it somewhat fascinated and yet nothing has changed in our culture since such as author C.S Lewis has wrote this short essay. I trulyRead More Mere Christianity by C.S. Lewis Essay1093 Words   |  5 PagesChristianity by C.S. Lewis Mere Christianity, by C. S. Lewis, is written as set of guidelines of Christian belief. Lewis does not say there is any particular way to believe but he does make a point that the topic of religion itself is serious. As you consider whether you want to believe or not, you have to recognize how much thought it requires, and how thought provoking a process this decision is. Lewis covers Christianity in four different books within his book. In book one, Lewis discusses theRead MoreComparison Of CS Lewiss Works and JK Rowlings Works1104 Words   |  5 Pages The work of C.S. Lewis and J.K. Rowling is of grave vital on the grounds that their work portrays actuality as well as adds to it. Yes, their work is not just a portrayal of actuality; it is somewhat a quality expansion. Their meeting expectations are depictions of the reasoning examples and social standards pervasive commonly. They are a delineation of the diverse features of regular mans existence. Their works serves a s a something worth mulling over and a tonic for creative energyRead MoreAnalysis On Being Human Essay942 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Poetry analysis: On Being Human, by C. S. Lewis C.S. Lewis gets straight to the point in his first lines, particularly with the first two words angelic minds. Readers will discern immediately that Lewis is going to discuss the concept of experience from the viewpoint of supernatural non-human beings such as angels. Readers may also guess, by comparing this idea to the poems title On Being Human, that he intends to go on to compare this idea with our experience of the world from the impliedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Chronicles Of Narnia 1576 Words   |  7 PagesClive Staples Lewis, although his name avowed around the world, his literary works are exceedingly identifiable to the common household. There are few children who have yet to experience the mystical land in â€Å"The Chronicles of Narnia† and numerous scholars who have dissected the â€Å"Studies in Medieval and Renaissance Literature†. Having written over thirty published works by his death in 1963, Lewis has explored close to every genre of litera ture. (CSLEWIS.COM) Referred to as one of the intellectualRead MoreAnalysis Of March By John Lewis861 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Lewis has never let his 40+ arrest affect what he stands for. In Lewis’ book March, he tells his story of segregation in the 60’s and the events that shaped his life. From when he was a little kid, to an older adult, March displays Lewis deal with the segregation in the south, and the hardships others endure. Although he experienced many events in his life, John Lewis used those events to build himself religiously and help others. Receiving his first bible, Jim Lawson’s workshops, his decisionRead MoreSurprised By Joy By Lewis And Confessions1411 Words   |  6 PagesSurprised by Joy by Lewis and Confessions by Augustine are not two works that are often analyzed side by side although they are both autobiographical and written by men greatly influential to the Christian faith. Since Confessions contains many different elements which A ugustine explores to better understand the nature of God, this paper will focus on Augustine’s section â€Å"Happiness (Beatta Vita)† as compared and contrasted with Lewis’ chapters â€Å"Checkmate† and â€Å"Beginning†. A preliminary glance of

Family Law Reflecting Moral and Ethical Issues Free Essays

The legal system continuously endeavours and reforms to provide effective legislative remedies and modify existing legislation to reflect the changing nature of the Australian family structure. Family law has always been a colossal aspect of Australian society with many effective measures in place for family matters. Numerous values and their effectiveness have been debated through various features of family law, and these debates continue to the present day. We will write a custom essay sample on Family Law Reflecting Moral and Ethical Issues or any similar topic only for you Order Now Divorce is the legal dissolution of a marriage by an official court decision and was once frowned upon within society, and prior to 1974, married couples who wished to divorce had to apply under the Matrimonial Causes Act 1959 (Cth) on the ground of â€Å"fault† – that is, on the basis that one or both spouses admitted to acting in a way that undermined their marriage (for example, adultery, cruelty, insanity and desertion). However, the first major change to family law in Australia occurred when the law took reform in this aspect with the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth), which states that the only ground for divorce is the â€Å"irretrievable breakdown of the marriage†, such as the case in the marriage of Todd (1976), one or two of the spouses must consent for divorce. The declining influence of religion and the idea that marriage does not always â€Å"last for life† were social factors that influenced this change. The erosion of the concept of fault and the establishment of a single ground for divorce thus demonstrates changing societal values and how law is changed over time. Australian society believes that it is important to protect the disadvantaged, or those who cannot act to preserve their own rights – particularly children. After a marriage has been dissolved, it is the responsibility of both parents to provide financial support for their children as the case of Campbell and Campbell (1998) established that it is in the best interests of the child to maintain the lifestyle to which they have grown accustomed. The Australian Bureau of Statistics Marriages and Divorces 2011 Media release indicates there are 44,000 children under 18 affected by divorce. As such, the Child Support (Assessment) Act 1989 (Cth) requires that children receive a proper level of financial support from their parents and the Child Support (Registration and Collection) Act 1988 (Cth) ensures that periodic amounts payable by parents towards the maintenance of their children are paid on a regular and timely basis. Prior to the Acts, only 40% of claims for child maintenance were being met, whereas after the Acts were passed, approximately 70% of claims are being met. The new emphasis on children’s rights and parental responsibility reflects the social perception that children are vulnerable members of our society and thus require greater legal protection. Another important change in social attitudes has been the increasing acceptance of same-sex relationships, and recent law reforms have centred on providing same-sex couples with the same rights as de facto heterosexual relationships, and removing discrimination based on sexuality. At the State level, the De Facto Relationships Act 1984 (NSW) was amended to the Property (Relationships) Act 1984 (NSW), for the growing acceptance of heterosexual and homosexual relationships highlighted by news article ‘Partners who just can’t wait (2010)‘ which states the growth in unmarried couples living together. It now recognises same-sex relationships as having the same legal standing as heterosexual de facto relationships, and thus provides protection to people in same-sex de facto relationships in property division, inheritance and decision-making in illness and after death. The Miscellaneous Acts Amendment (Same Sex Relationships) Bill 2008 (NSW) creates amendments to 57 pieces of state legislation to ensure de facto couples (including same-sex couples) are treated equally with married couples. This Act also creates amendments to the Anti-discrimination Act 1977 (NSW) to ensure that same-sex couples are protected from discrimination on the basis of their â€Å"marital or domestic status† in employment, accommodation and access to goods and services, articulated in the Daily Telegraph ‘Gay couple win foster care case (2008)’, after a gay couple won $10,000 in damages when their application to become foster carers was refused. However in terms of federal laws at present, same-sex couples are unable to marry. The Marriage Act 1961 (Cth) defines marriage as â€Å"the union of a man and a woman to the exclusion of all others voluntarily entered into for life†, a definition established by the case of Hyde v Hyde and Woodmansee (1866) and repeated in the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth). In 2004, the Commonwealth Government reconfirmed the traditional concept of marriage as the â€Å"union of a man and a woman† when it passed the Marriage Amendment Act 2004 (Cth) meaning same-sex marriage is automatically void in Australia, ncluding overseas marriages. Over time, both State and federal governments in Australia have enacted legislation to encourage and enforce practices which are not only in the public interest, but also reflect the moral and ethical standards of society. While legislative mechanisms have been reasonably successful in achieving this goal with regard to the introduction of â€Å"no-fault† divorce and the protection of children, there is the need for further review and reform of legislation concerning same-sex couples. How to cite Family Law Reflecting Moral and Ethical Issues, Essays

Contemporary Issues in Management and Organisational Behaviour

Questions: Task 1: Briefly explain: manager, management and organisation. Assess the significance of managers in achieving organisational success for a company of your own choice. Task2: Analyse how size and strategy of a company can affect its organisational structure? Support your answer with relevant examples. Task3: a) Discuss Tescos current mission, vision and corporate strategy. b) Suggest and explain the process that can help Tesco to formulate its corporate strategy for the year 2015. c) What do you understand by the term organisational culture? Can Tesco improve its performance by changing its culture? Discuss. Answers: Introduction Management principles are referred to as guidelines for managers based on which they take their decisions and plan their actions (Plunkett, et al., 2012). Management principles are derived from analysis and observation of events happening in real life situations within organisations. This report studies different aspects of management principles in relation to Tesco. Task 1: Definition: Manager, Management and Organisation; Role played by Managers in achieving desired goals Manager is an individual who pans, directs and controls the work to be performed by others and is also responsible for the outcome (Hellriegel John W. Slocum, 2011). It is managers responsibility to ensure order and consistency is maintained in the work of their employees. The key functions in a managers role within an organisation is defined by three key words namely; authority wherein they are empowered to take decisions for their employees, responsibility for ensuring targets are achieved and accountability for accepting both success and failures. Management refers to the process of organising and coordinating various activities of a business in order to ensure desired objectives are achieved (Ng, 2011). It comprises of activities of planning, organising, directing, and controlling employees in order to achive specified goals. Management is task-oriented and view employees as machines that are used for performing tasks. It helps in creating a disciplined work culture where efficiency and productivity are measures that indicate high performance. Organisation refers to a social unit of individuals who are structured and managed in a manner that help achieving common goals (Fox, 2007). Organisations have a well-defined management structure that creates a relationship between members and activities by subdividing roles and responsibilities among members based on their skills and expertise. Organisations perform like open systems which have certain effects on environment and are greatly affected by their environment. Managers play a very vital role in achieving desired organisations goals at Tesco. Managers at Tesco are responsible for ensuring sales targets are meet (Pattanayak, 2005). They define goals and objectives for the team and plans the way work should be carried on in order to achieve specified goals. Mangers are help organising tasks among team members, the work id divided into manageable activities and assigned to team members based on their capabilities. This help ensuring tasks will be completed within specified time frame. Managers at Tesco ensures that the team members are motivated enough to deliver their best performance (Adair, 2009). Through their effective communication they ensure that employees are well informed of their duties and associated rewards and recognitions. Managers are responsible for identify employee needs and ensuring there are satisfied in order to enhance job satisfaction and commitment. Managers at Tesco help ensuring that individual goals are aligned with organisational goals and employees are provided with ample opportunities to realise their full potential (Miner, 2005). Managers are also responsible for evaluation of team performance based on which improvements are planned continuously. Managers at Tesco work towards the development of customer-oriented work culture that help achieving desired goals. Task 2: Effect of size and strategy of organisation on its organisational structure Organisational structure refers to the structural framework that defines hierarchical levels within an organisation (Chambley, 2013). It helps defining the ways in which activities such as supervision, task allocation and coordination are carried out within organisations and enable them achieve desired goals and objectives. It can also be defined as architecture of leadership, business competence, functional relationships, talent and management (Filte Ireland , 2013). In order to determine the affect of size and strategy of an organisation on its organistaional structure it is important to get a brief understanding of different types of organisational structures. There are six types of organizational structures namely; Divisional structure wherein organisations are divided into divisions mostly based on geographical locations, products, functionality and strategies, Functional Structure wherein employees are assigned to different functional areas depending on their expertise, Geograp hical structure where groups are founded on the basis of geographical locations, Horizontal Structure wherein people working on similar projects are grouped together, Hybrid Structure which display characteristics of all structure taking advantage of their strengths and avoiding weaknesses and Matrix Structure wherein employees assigned to two reporting heads (Baligh, 2006). The choice of a specific organisational structure is affected by a number of factors however; organisational size, strategy, life cycle, technology and environment are the five most common factors that have comparatively greater impact (Kortmann, 2012). Size of an organisation greatly affects the choice of its organisational structure, greater the size greater is the complexity involved thus higher is the need for a well defined organizational structures. Small organisational like localised retail shops, restaurants, real-estate firms do not involve too many employees and its operations are simple thus they can do with a simple organizational structure and at times even do not need to define a structure (Mullins, 2011). They involve few tasks and roles thus are performed by employees based on their capabilities instead of following an organisational chart. The case however is different in case of large organisations which are spread across various geographical locations and have comp lex operations, for example Apple, Samsung, Toyota, Starbucks etc (Murray, et al., 2006). These organisations need well-defined organizational structure in order to define authorities and work allotments. These organisations will not be able to manage their business process and achieve desired goals without a well-defined organisational structure. Organisations may either choose to adopt a differentiation strategy or a cost-leadership strategy to position their products in market. The structure of the organisation must fit its strategy thus an organisation that aims for differentiation will choose a flexible organizational structure while an organisation that aims for greater efficiency and productivity while opt for a mechanistic organizational structure (Myers, 2009). Task 3 a): Tescos mission, vision and corporate strategy. Founded by Jack Cohen in year 1919, Tesco is a British multinational grocery and general merchandise retailer(Tesco PLC, 2015). Tesco has been raked as worlds third largest retailer in terms of profit and second largest retailer in terms of revenues. Tesco has its presence in 12 countries however 60% of its business is generated from UK. In UK Tesco is recognised as the grocery market leader. Tescos Mission: Mission statement of organisations states its general purpose (Hellriegel John W. Slocum, 2011). Tescos mission statement states we make what matters better, together (Tesco PLC, 2015). Tescos Vision: Vision of an organisation defines its long-term goals (Filte Ireland , 2013). Tescos vision is to be recognised as the most highly values business by its customers, by communities they operate in, by their valued, loyal and committed employees and by their stakeholders (Tesco PLC, 2015). Tescos Corporate Strategy: Once the vision and mission of an organisation is defined it develops strategies that can help achieving them. Tesco believes that their core values are means by which their can achieve their purpose of existence. Tescos core values are; Ensuring that no one tries harder for customers; Ensure they treat everyone in a manner they would like themselves to be treated and Using their scale for good (Tesco PLC, 2015). At Tesco core values are no different from their corporate strategies. b) Processes that can help Tesco in formulating its corporate strategy for year 2015 In order to meet the changing demands of todays dynamic marketplace and retaining their competitive advantage against competitors Tesco will have to formulate new corporate strategy for year 2015. Strategies refer to the actions that an organisation under takes in order to achieve their short term and long term goals and objectives (Filte Ireland , 2013). In order to develop effective corporate strategies Tesco will have to use strategy formulation processes which require a series of six steps to be performed in a sequential manner. Defining organizational objectives: It is essential to identify and define realistic and achievable goals for the organisation that align with their vision (Filte Ireland , 2013). Environmental assessment: Tesco will have to perform a situation analysis, competitor analysis and self evaluation in relation to both internal and external factors at both macro-environmental and micro-environmental level (Filte Ireland , 2013). A number of business management tools are available that help organisations in evaluating their external and internal environments such as; SWOT analysis, PESTLE analysis, Porters five forces model of competitive analysis. Force field analysis and Variant analysis etc. Defining quantitative targets: Tesco will have to define measurable targets for some of their objectives in order to facilitate evaluation in further steps (Filte Ireland , 2013). Strategic planning for sub units: Depending upon the contribution realised from each department and sub units within the organisation Tesco will have to develop strategic plan for different sub-units (Filte Ireland , 2013). Performance Analysis: This step in strategy formulation process help identifying the gap between existing performance and desired performance. This helps in planning continuous improvements in strategies (Filte Ireland , 2013). Choice of Strategy: After completing all the above steps involved in strategic planning process, based on outcome of each step Tesco will be able to formulate new corporate strategy for year 2015 (Filte Ireland , 2013). Tesco will have to indulge in extensive market research and analysiss in order to identify factors that can help them take advantage of opportunities presented by marketplace as well as create a competitive advantage that cannot be imitated by competitors. Tesco can take steps to implement total quality management, Lean and Six sigma processes that can help eliminating waste processes and planning continuous improvement thus reducing operations cost as a result of which Tesco will be able provide cost advantage to its customers while ensuring high product and service quality. c) Organisational culture and how it can help improving Tescos performance Organisational culture help defining the behaviour of individuals in an organisation and perceptions individuals attach to these behaviours (Hellriegel John W. Slocum, 2011). It represents the shared values, beliefs, attitudes, customs, and rules of the organisation that lead to the creation of a unique psychological and social environment within workplace. Organisational culture defines the way organisations treat their employees, customers, community and related partners. Organisational culture plays a very vital role in determining the overall performance of the organisations (Mullins, 2011). Changing Tescos organisational culture will surely help Tesco in increasing its performance as it will helping making it a better place to work where employees are treated with respect and integrity and are encourages to openly share their views. Knowledge sharing culture that encourage employees to realise their full potential helps enhancing employee motivation which inspire them to delive r high performance and commitment towards the organisation and customers. Conclusion Management principles are the drivers of organizational success. They not only help organisations in effectively carrying out their day to day operations but in carrying out them in a way that maximum benefits are achieved. They help organisations in enhancing their overall effectiveness and efficiency and also in creating and retaining competitive advantage against competitors. References Adair, J., (2009) Leadership and Motivation: The Fifty-Fifty Rule and the Eight Key Principles of Motivating Others. London: Kogan Page Publishers. Baligh, H. H., (2006) Organization Structures: Theory and Design, Analysis and Prescription. Hamburg: Springer Science Business Media. Chambley, J., (2013) Organisational Structures. [Online] Available at: https://businessstudiesjesschambley.blogspot.in/2013/06/organisational-structures.html [Accessed 2014]. Filte Ireland , (2013) Managing Key Business Processes. [Online] Available at: https://www.failteireland.ie/FailteIreland/media/WebsiteStructure/Documents/2_Develop_Your_Business/1_StartGrow_Your_Business/Managing-Key-Business-Processes.pdf Accessed 2014]. Fox, W., (2007) Managing Organisational Behaviour. Cape Town: Juta and Company Ltd. Hellriegel, D. John W. Slocum, J., (2011) Organisational Behaviour. New York: Cengage Learning. Kortmann, S., (2012) The Relationship between Organizational Structure and Organizational Ambidexterity: A Comparison between Manufacturing and Service Firms. Hamburg: Springer Science Business Media. Miner, J. B., (2005) Organizational Behavior: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. New York: M.E. Sharpe. Mullins, L. J., (2011) Essentials of Organisational Behaviour. London: Financial Times Prentice Hall. Murray, P., Poole, D. Jones, G., (2006) Contemporary Issues in Management and Organisational Behaviour. New York: Cengage Learning. Myers, P. S., (2009) Knowledge Management and Organisational Design. New Jersey: Routledge. Ng, L. C., (2011) Best management practices. Journal of Management Development, 30(1), pp. 93-105. Pattanayak, B., (2005) Human Resource Management. New Delhi: PHI Learning Pvt. Plunkett, W. R., Allen, G. Attner, R., (2012) Management. New York: Cengage Learning. Tesco PLC, (2015) Core Purpose and Values. [Online] Available at: https://www.tescoplc.com/index.asp?pageid=10 [Accessed 2015].